Messier 85 (M85) is an elliptical galaxy located in the constellation Coma Berenices. It was discovered by the French astronomer Pierre Méchain in 1781 and later included in Charles Messier’s catalog of celestial objects. M85 is situated at a distance of approximately 60 million light-years from Earth and is a member of the Virgo Cluster, a rich cluster of galaxies located in the direction of the constellation Virgo.
Structure and Composition
As an elliptical galaxy, M85 lacks the distinct spiral arms seen in spiral galaxies like the Milky Way. Instead, its appearance is characterized by a smooth and featureless distribution of stars. Elliptical galaxies are typically composed of older stellar populations, with little ongoing star formation compared to spiral galaxies. However, M85 does contain some regions of young, hot stars, indicating that minor episodes of star formation may still occur within it.
One notable feature of M85 is its interaction with a nearby spiral galaxy, NGC 4394. This interaction has caused some distortion in the outer regions of M85, resulting in asymmetric tidal features extending from its core. Such interactions between galaxies can lead to the exchange of material and gravitational disturbances, influencing the evolution of both galaxies involved.
M85 has been the subject of scientific study to understand various aspects of galaxy formation and evolution. Observations using different wavelengths, from optical to radio, have provided valuable insights into its structure, dynamics, and stellar populations. Additionally, studies of the galaxy and its environment within the Virgo Cluster contribute to our understanding of the processes that shape galaxy clusters and their member galaxies.
Observation
With an apparent magnitude of approximately 9.1, M85 is faintly visible to amateur astronomers using small telescopes under dark skies. It appears as a faint, round smudge of light, lacking the intricate details seen in brighter and larger galaxies. It is barely visible in binoculars.
Since M85 is located in the constellation Coma Berenices, which lies close to the celestial equator, it is visible from both the Northern and Southern Hemispheres from March through May, although it is better positioned for observers at mid to high northern latitudes.
Despite its modest appearance, M85’s membership in the Virgo Cluster and its interaction history make it an intriguing object for astronomers studying the dynamics and evolution of galaxies in dense environments.
